bark |
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STRUCTURE |
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The outermost portion of any shoot or root axis having secondary growth, consisting of all those tissues outside the vascular cambium; sometimes exhibiting zonation into inner, living bark and outer, dead bark; usually described only as to external appearance. |
bulbil |
= bulblet |
STRUCTURE |
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A small bulb-like structure produced from a sterile or fertile plant structure other than a bulb, usually within a leaf axil, leaf sinus, or inflorescence, serving as a vegetative propagule. |
microphyll |
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STRUCTURE |
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A small, lateral, leaf-like enation that, evolutionarily, is not a true leaf, i.e., whose vasculature, if any, consists of only a single median strand not ontogenetically integral with the vasculature of the bearing stem and not associated with leaf gaps in the stele of the stem; in Bryophyta, Psilotophyta, Lycopodiophyta, Equisetophyta. |
spadix pl. spadices |
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STRUCTURE |
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A thick, fleshy, primary inflorescence axis bearing sessile flowers more or less sunken into its surface, the whole subtended and sometimes partially enclosed by a specialized bract, the spathe; esp. in Araceae. |
involucel |
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STRUCTURE |
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One or more closely proximate whorls of bractlets (bracteoles, prophylls) immediately subtending (below or outside) a subordinate portion of an inflorescence that is subtended as a whole by an involucre, the bractlets often leaf-like, sometimes petaloid. |
stem |
> cane, culm |
STRUCTURE |
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The entire axial system of a shoot, or a component, primary or higher-order (branch) axis of the shoot; differentiated anatomically and morphologically into nodes and internodes, from the former of which it branches exogenously and bears leaves, bracts, and/or inflorescences; usually growing above ground level, but sometimes structurally and functionally specialized and growing underground (e.g., rhizome, tuber) or upon the surface of the ground (e.g., stolon). Although sometimes phenotypically distinctive and often treated separately for descriptive purposes, the axial system of an inflorescence, excluding pedicels or parts of them in some cases, is properly stem in the above general sense. |
pseudobulb |
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STRUCTURE |
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An enlarged internode of an aboveground stem, storing water and photosynthate, resembling a bulb; esp. in Orchidaceae. |
lemma pl. lemmata, lemmas |
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STRUCTURE |
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The proximal bract of the (usually) two that immediately subtend the flower in a grass (Poaceae) floret; the other is the palea. |
galea pl. galeae, galeas |
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STRUCTURE |
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A galeate (galeiform, helmet-shaped) sepal or petal in a zygomorphic calyx or corolla, differing markedly in shape from and sometimes partially enclosing the other sepals or petals. |
sawtooth |
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STRUCTURE |
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One of a series of regularly spaced, angular, marginal convexities oriented at an acute angle to the generalized perimeter of a laminar structure. See also sawtoothlet, scallop (crena), scalloplet (crenule), tooth, toothlet. |
squamule 3 |
= lodicule, squamella |
STRUCTURE |
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One of two or three small, scale-like structures inserted at the base of the androecium, distal to the palea, in most grass (Poaceae) flowers; often regarded as a vestigial branch or perianth member. |
primary stem |
= main stem; > bole, trunk |
STRUCTURE |
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The one, or any of the more than one, first-order stem(s), or first-order portion(s) of the collective stem, of a shoot. |
calyptra pl. calyptrae |
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STRUCTURE |
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A distal hood- or lid-like portion that detaches as a unit from the remainder of the structure; esp. in some Papaveraceae the unopened calyx that separates from the rest of the flower at anthesis. |
adventitious root |
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STRUCTURE |
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A root that arises laterally from some part of a shoot, often from the lower portion of a main stem. |
knee 2 |
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STRUCTURE |
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An emergent portion of an otherwise normally submerged secondary root of a wetland tree, resembling a bent human knee. |
cilium 2 pl. cilia |
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STRUCTURE |
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A motile hair- or whip-like structure extending from the surface of a cell. |
pollen sac |
= theca |
STRUCTURE |
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Any of the one, two or four ontogenetically distinct, pollen-producing sectors (microsporangia) of an anther. In some taxa the walls between pairs of adjacent thecae break down as an anther approaches maturity, the mature anther thus ultimately containing half as many locules as thecae. |
stone |
= pyrene |
STRUCTURE |
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The hard inner portion of a drupe, consisting of osseous endocarp and included seed. |
bulblet |
= bulbil |
STRUCTURE |
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A small bulb-like structure produced from a sterile or fertile plant structure other than a bulb, usually within a leaf axil, leaf sinus, or inflorescence, serving as a vegetative propagule. |
veinlet |
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STRUCTURE |
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A strand belonging to the ultimate (least in diameter) order of vasculature in a leaf or other basically laminar structure when that order consists of strands ending freely within areoles and/or connecting distally by pairs across areoles; absent in some taxa. See also costa (rib), lateral vein, midvein (midnerve, midrib), primary vein, secondary vein, tertiary vein, vein (nerve). |
pseudolamina pl. pseudolaminae |
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STRUCTURE |
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The expanded part of a phyllode (phyllodium), resembling a blade but evolutionarily derived from the petiole. |
inflorescence 2 |
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STRUCTURE |
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The basic architectural unit of the flower-producing portion of a plant; comprising one or more flowers, their associated supporting axes (peduncles, main axes, branches and pedicels), if any, and the appendages thereto (bracts, bractlets or bracteoles or prophylls, involucres, involucels, and glumes), if any; delimited by the insertion or gradation of a single peduncle, peduncle cluster, pedicel, pedicel cluster, or sessile flower, as the case may be, directly upon or into some proximal vegetative structure not of one of these types; depending upon the type(s) of flowers included, may be bisexual (all flowers bisexual), staminate (all flowers staminate), pistillate (all flowers pistillate), sterile (all flowers sterile), or mixed (two or more types of flowers present); most appropriately described using nominative terms. |
nectary |
< gland |
STRUCTURE |
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A multicellular, anatomically distinct structure that produces and exudes nectar. |
needle |
< leaf, macrophyll (not recommended), megaphyll |
STRUCTURE |
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A relatively stiff, compressed-acerose leaf; in Pinophyta. |
ampulla pl. ampullae |
= bladder |
STRUCTURE |
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A small, membranous, hollow, flask-shaped, insectivorous structure borne on a submerged leaf; esp. in Lentibulariaceae. |