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leaf 1 pl. leaves |
= frond, macrophyll (not recommended), megaphyll; > frond, needle |
STRUCTURE |
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A principal, vegetative shoot organ borne laterally from a stem node; its vascular tissues, if any, continuous with those of the stem; undergoing no significant secondary growth; usually more or less bilaterally symmetrical; comprising a distal, usually laminar blade and/or a proximal stalk (petiole) or sheath; usually a primary site of photosynthesis. |
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pappus pl. pappi |
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STRUCTURE |
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A set of one or more awns (aristae, bristles, setae) or scales at the summit of an inferior ovary just beneath or outside the free portion of the corolla; persisting in the fruit (cypsela) and often aiding wind or animal dispersal; in Asteraceae (Compositae). Considered by some to be an evolutionarily modified upper calyx portion, the lower portion having been incorporated into the floral tube casing adnate to the ovary wall; considered by others to be an outgrowth from the ovary wall. |
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scale 1 |
< bract |
STRUCTURE |
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A basically dry, more or less appressed, diminutive bract. The choice of term as between the more general bract and the more restricted scale is sometimes problematic and, when so, often is dictated by custom according to the structure and taxon involved. |
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cone |
= strobilus; > female cone, macrostrobilus (not recommended), male cone, megastrobilus, microstrobilus |
STRUCTURE |
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A compound or complex reproductive structure consisting of a central axis bearing congested imbricate sporophylls and sometimes also sterile bracts. |
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elater 2 |
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STRUCTURE |
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An elongate, flattened, hygroscopic enation from a spore, straightening upon desiccation and aiding transport by air; esp. in Equisetaceae. |
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fimbria pl. fimbriae |
= fringe |
STRUCTURE |
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A marginal series or cycle of regular, slender, closely adjacent, more or less flexible divisions or protrusions, when treated as an aggregate structure. |
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pyrene 1 |
= stone |
STRUCTURE |
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The hard inner portion of a drupe, consisting of osseous endocarp and included seed. |
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runner |
= stolon |
STRUCTURE |
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A slender stem that grows horizontally upon or just beneath the ground surface, rooting at the nodes and giving rise to erect shoot segments at some nodes and/or at its apex. |
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midrib |
= midnerve, midvein; < costa, nerve, rib, vein |
STRUCTURE |
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A primary vein that runs longitudinally through the center of a leaf or other basically laminar structure. See also lateral vein, secondary vein, tertiary vein, veinlet. |
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cladophyll |
= cladode, phylloclade |
STRUCTURE |
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A stem segment that functions as a leaf; often more or less compressed. |
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verticil |
= cycle, series, whorl |
STRUCTURE |
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A set of three or more lateral structures that are inserted around an axis at the same level. |
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areola 2 pl. areolae |
= areole |
STRUCTURE |
foliaceous structure |
Any distinguishable laminar portion bounded on all sides by anastomosing veins and not traversed or dissected by any vasculature other than veinlets. |
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chaff 2 |
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STRUCTURE |
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Collectively, the glumes, lemmata, and paleae of mature spikelets; in Poaceae (Gramineae). |
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spine |
= thorn |
STRUCTURE |
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Any sharp, stiff, simple or branched, woody appendage having vascular tissues confluent with those of the bearing structure. "Spine" is often preferred when the appendage is homologous with a leaf or stipule, and "thorn" when it is homologous with a branch. See also prickle. |
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epicotyl |
= plumule |
STRUCTURE |
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A distinguishable nascent shoot developed in the embryo in some taxa, consisting of a shoot axis with unexpanded internodes and one or more leaf primordia, being that portion of the embryo above the level of cotyledon insertion; the primordial shoot, when developed by the embryo within a seed; the first bud of a spermatophyte, when developed by an embryo within the seed. In other taxa the shoot is represented in the embryo only by a quiescent apical meristem at the summit of the embryonic axis. |
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vallecula pl. valleculae |
= colpus, fossula, furrow, groove, sulcus |
STRUCTURE |
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A longitudinal depression that is relatively shallow and narrow; esp. in fruits of Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). |
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leaf 2 pl. leaves |
= microphyll |
STRUCTURE |
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A small, lateral, leaf-like enation that, evolutionarily, is not a true leaf, i.e., whose vasculature, if any, consists of only a single median strand not ontogenetically integral with the vasculature of the bearing stem and not associated with leaf gaps in the stele of the stem; in Psilotophyta, Lycopodiophyta, Equisetophyta. |
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pappus scale |
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STRUCTURE |
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A pappus element that is more or less planate and relatively thin and broad; may terminate in one or more awn- or bristle-like appendages. |
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pneumatophore |
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STRUCTURE |
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A structurally and functionally specialized root serving as an aboveground aerating organ; found in some woody taxa of wet habitats, notably some mangroves. |
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scale 2 |
> lepis, squama, squamella, squamule; < trichome |
STRUCTURE |
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A planate trichome. |
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cone scale |
< macrosporophyll (not recommended), megasporophyll, microsporophyll; > ovuliferous scale |
STRUCTURE |
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One of the membranous, fleshy, or woody sporophylls of a cone (strobilus); esp. in Pinophyta. |
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palate |
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STRUCTURE |
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The lower, prominent labium (lip) of a personate (gaping, ringent) corolla. |
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pitcher |
= ascidium, pitcher blade |
STRUCTURE |
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A pitcher-shaped (ascidiform) leaf blade, sometimes lidded (operculate), usually carnivorous; esp. in Nepenthaceae, Sarraceniaceae. |
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barbel |
= barbella |
STRUCTURE |
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A small barb. |
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pyrene 2 |
= stone |
STRUCTURE |
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The hard seed of a drupelet; esp. in Rosaceae. |
