bole |
= trunk; < main stem, primary stem |
STRUCTURE |
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The relatively stout, columnar, main stem of a distinct aboveground portion of a tree. |
barbellule |
= barbellula |
STRUCTURE |
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A small barbel (barbella); a very diminutive barb. |
secondary vein |
< lateral vein |
STRUCTURE |
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A strand belonging to the second order of vasculature in a leaf or other basically laminar structure, except when that is the ultimate order (consisting of veinlets); branching directly from a primary vein or, with undiminished diameter, from another strand of the second order. See also costa, primary vein, rib, tertiary vein, veinlet. |
enation |
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STRUCTURE |
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A relatively small outgrowth from an otherwise regular boundary or surface of a larger structure. |
ligule 1 |
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STRUCTURE |
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A strap-shaped enation from or distal portion of a structure. |
seta 1 pl. setae |
= arista, awn, bristle |
STRUCTURE |
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A slender, more or less straight and stiff, fine-pointed, terminal or subterminal appendage or prolongation, sometimes a continuation of the bearing structure's central primary vein, as on a glume, lemma, or palea in Poaceae (Gramineae). |
scale 1 |
< bract |
STRUCTURE |
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A basically dry, more or less appressed, diminutive bract. The choice of term as between the more general bract and the more restricted scale is sometimes problematic and, when so, often is dictated by custom according to the structure and taxon involved. |
standard |
= banner, vexillum |
STRUCTURE |
|
The relatively large, erect adaxial (upper) petal in a papilionaceous corolla. |
sporocarp |
= spore body |
STRUCTURE |
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A multicellular structure that bears and more or less encloses several to (usually) many sporangia, the latter often aggregated into sori within it See also megasporocarp (macrosporocarp, not recommended), microsporocarp. |
unguis pl. ungues |
= claw |
STRUCTURE |
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The abruptly much narrower proximal portion, when present, of a laminar structure, esp. a petal; of variable shape itself, but usually attenuate toward the base. |
pseudobulb |
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STRUCTURE |
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An enlarged internode of an aboveground stem, storing water and photosynthate, resembling a bulb; esp. in Orchidaceae. |
galea pl. galeae, galeas |
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STRUCTURE |
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A galeate (galeiform, helmet-shaped) sepal or petal in a zygomorphic calyx or corolla, differing markedly in shape from and sometimes partially enclosing the other sepals or petals. |
aril 2 (strict sense) |
= arillus |
STRUCTURE |
|
An appendicular structure that wholly or partly envelops a seed and is an outgrowth from the funicle or raphe, and thus is ontogenetically derived from the placenta; usually fleshy or pulpy, sometimes spongy or tufted-capillate, often brightly colored. |
cucullus pl. cuculli |
= hood |
STRUCTURE |
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A cucullate (cuculliform) structure or component, esp. in an inflorescence or flower. |
bud scale |
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STRUCTURE |
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A scale that, alone or aggregated with others, envelops and protects a bud. |
pinna pl. pinnae |
< leaflet |
STRUCTURE |
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One of the first-order divisions or leaflets of a pinnate frond; in Polypodiophyta. See also pinnule. |
cladophyll |
= cladode, phylloclade |
STRUCTURE |
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A stem segment that functions as a leaf; often more or less compressed. |
integument |
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STRUCTURE |
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A distinct layer of tissue that encloses and serves to protect the other tissues of an organ, especially a seed. |
ovary |
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STRUCTURE |
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The proximal portion of a pistil (either simple or compound) within which the ovules are borne; usually of somewhat greater diameter and/or volume than the remainder of the pistil. |
bark |
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STRUCTURE |
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The outermost portion of any shoot or root axis having secondary growth, consisting of all those tissues outside the vascular cambium; sometimes exhibiting zonation into inner, living bark and outer, dead bark; usually described only as to external appearance. |
stomatal apparatus |
= stomate, stoma (broad sense) |
STRUCTURE |
|
A localized functional epidermal unit consisting of a microscopic pore and two encircling specialized cells, the guard cells, which, through changes of turgor pressure in response to environmental conditions, regulate the size of the pore and thus the rates of transpiration and gas exchange through it; the whole surrounded or not by associated, cytologically distinctive epidermal cells, the subsidiary or accessory cells, which, when present, are regularly oriented in relation to it. |
glochidium pl. glochidia |
= glochid; < bristle, capillus, hair, seta, trichome |
STRUCTURE |
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A capillus (hair) or bristle (seta) that bears one or more barbs; esp. in Cactaceae. |
taproot |
< primary root |
STRUCTURE |
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A primary root that remains dominant through the life of the plant as the main axis of a vertically oriented system that penetrates the substrate to a considerable depth. |
megaphyll |
= leaf, macrophyll (not recommended); > frond, needle |
STRUCTURE |
|
A principal, vegetative shoot organ borne laterally from a stem node; its vascular tissues, if any, continuous with those of the stem; undergoing no significant secondary growth; usually more or less bilaterally symmetrical; comprising a distal, usually laminar blade and/or a proximal stalk (petiole) or sheath; usually a primary site of photosynthesis. |
ligule 2 |
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STRUCTURE |
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An adaxial, distal enation from a leaf sheath, especially in most grasses (Poaceae) and sedges (Cyperaceae); usually unitary and membranous, sometimes instead consisting of a row of ciliate processes. See also hastula. |