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lingulate |
= tongue-shaped |
solid shape |
|
Broadly elongate and compressed, one broad face more or less plane and the other convex, the edges rounded between them; like a tongue. |
|
tongue-shaped |
= lingulate |
solid shape |
|
Broadly elongate and compressed, one broad face more or less plane and the other convex, the edges rounded between them; like a tongue. |
|
top-shaped |
= turbinate |
solid shape |
|
Broadly obovoid-obconic; like a spinning top. See also pear-shaped (pyriform), obturbinate. |
|
turbinate |
= top-shaped |
solid shape |
|
Broadly obovoid-obconic; like a spinning top. See also pyriform (pear-shaped), obturbinate. |
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banded |
|
coloration |
|
Broadly striped; having one or more elongate, relatively broad and, when multiple, more or less parallel, areas of contrasting hue and/or intensity. |
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gibbous |
|
solid shape |
|
Bulging unilaterally near the base. |
|
bellied |
= ventricose |
solid shape |
|
Bulging unilaterally near the middle, as though with a belly. |
|
ventricose |
= bellied |
solid shape |
|
Bulging unilaterally near the middle, as though with a belly. |
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floating 1 |
|
habit |
plant |
Buoyant and growing entirely at or near the surface of water, not rooted in any substrate. |
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carnivorous |
> insectivorous |
nutrition |
plant |
Capturing animals (usually insects), digesting their tissues by means of exoenzymes secreted by specialized cells or tissues, and assimilating the digested substances as nourishment, especially for nitrogen. |
|
insectivorous |
< carnivorous |
nutrition |
plant, structure |
Capturing insects, digesting their tissues by means of exoenzymes secreted by specialized cells or tissues, and assimilating the digested substances as nourishment, especially for nitrogen. |
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strobiloid |
|
architecture |
flower |
Characterized by a general lack of adnation among the different sets of basic floral structures, any significant degree of fusion limited to connation within sets, thus with ovary(ies) superior and lacking a floral tube. |
|
bell-shaped |
= campanulate |
solid shape |
|
Circular in cross-section, inflated proximally, thence broadening gradually to a flared distal portion. |
|
campanulate |
= bell-shaped |
solid shape |
|
Circular in transverse section, inflated proximally, thence broadening gradually to a flared distal portion. |
|
orbiculate |
= round; orbicular misapplied |
plane shape |
|
Circular. |
|
round |
= orbiculate, orbicular misapplied |
plane shape |
|
Circular. |
|
sheathed |
= vaginate |
architecture |
structure |
Closely enclosed over some or all of its length by a terete or involute structure. |
|
vaginate |
= sheathed |
architecture |
structure |
Closely enclosed over some or all of its length by a terete or involute structure. |
|
fastigiate |
|
arrangement |
branches |
Closely parallel to one another and to the axis of origin over most of their lengths. |
|
dyadal |
|
arrangement |
pollen |
Cohering and shed in pairs, each tetrad having separated into halves. |
|
twining |
= voluble |
habit |
axis |
Coiling about other plants or objects during growth, thus achieving support. |
|
voluble |
= twining |
habit |
axis |
Coiling about other plants or objects during growth, thus achieving support. |
|
pubescence |
|
CHARACTER |
|
Collective aspect of trichomes borne on the surface. Many of the terms traditionally used for describing pubescence have been defined and used in so many differing and often contradictory ways that they have become hopelessly ambiguous. This is attributable mainly to overdefinition within this portion of the traditional lexicon — that is, to highly arbitrary and widely variant restriction of a term's scope to some one detailed combination of trichome character states (shape, size, orientation, etc.). By derivation these are essentially general terms, really suited only for denoting overall aspect. The diversity actually encountered in nature defies comprehensive and unambiguous resolution into any limited suite of precisely specified, mutually exclusive, complex character states that can be associated with these terms, which are best used only in their general senses. Sometimes, such description will be sufficient in itself; more often, additionally or alternatively, the various attributes of the individual trichomes should be described. This is the only strategy that allows for full description of any possible condition, including the presence of more than one type of trichome. The various terms used for describing pubescence have never been semantically consistent; in some cases they refer to the trichomes themselves, while in others they apply to the bearing surface or structure; e.g., sericeous (the trichomes themselves are collectively silky) versus barbate (the structure is bearded). See also coating, indumentum (vesture). |
|
calyculus 2 pl. calyculi |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
Collectively the bractlets (bracteoles) sometimes subtending (beneath or outside) the involucre in a capitulum (head); in Asteraceae (Compositae). |
|
perianth |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
Collectively, all the sterile, primary, lateral organs (tepals, or sepals and/or petals) of a flower; inserted upon the floral axis immediately beneath (proximal to) the reproductive organs (androecium and/or gynoecium) and surrounding them, often protectively; lacking in some taxa; the individual members typically laminar and more or less foliaceous; widely regarded as consisting of the evolutionarily modified leaves of a fertile shoot; the constituent members undifferentiated with respect to one another, or else differentiated into more or less distinct floral envelopes (calyx and corolla), one or the other of which is deemed lacking in some taxa due to evolutionary reduction following differentiation. |
