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costule |
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STRUCTURE |
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A longitudinal primary vein in a diminutive laminar structure, such as the blade of a leaflet, pinna or pinnule; a diminutive costa (rib). |
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spore case |
= sporangium |
STRUCTURE |
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A spore-producing organ; basically capsular, often supported by a slender stalk (sporangiophore), often lidded (operculate). In Bryophyta and Polypodiophyta, a distinct portion of the sporangial wall effects regular dehiscence at maturity. Spore cases or their equivalents are also present, but of little or no descriptive significance, in seed plants. |
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bract 1 (broad sense) |
> bracteole, bractlet, phyllary, prophyll(um); >< scale |
STRUCTURE |
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Any lateral structure ontogenetically and anatomically analogous with, and therefore presumably homologous with, but relatively smaller than, a leaf, especially when subtending an inflorescence, other reproductive structure, or portion thereof; putatively, an evolutionarily reduced leaf. |
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rachilla 1 var. rhachilla |
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STRUCTURE |
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A second- or higher-order axis of a compound leaf blade, bearing higher-order rachillae, leaflets, pinnules and/or tendrils. |
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carpel |
< macrosporophyll (not recommended), megasporophyll, pistil |
STRUCTURE |
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A more or less abstract unit of floral structure conceptually equivalent to a simple pistil or its putative evolutionary precursor (megasporophyll) or derivative (constituent of compound pistil); often regarded as the basic evolutionary unit of the gynoecium. |
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hypanthium 1 (broad sense) pl. hypanthia |
= floral cup (broad sense), floral tube |
STRUCTURE |
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A complex structure comprising fused portions of the perianth and/or androecium of a flower, sometimes also including receptacular tissue; surrounding and wholly, partly, or not at all adnate to the gynoecium; subdivided morphologically into casing, collar and/or neck; sometimes bearing free distal portions of the constituent structures. |
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fruit |
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STRUCTURE |
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Any unitary seed-bearing structure of a flowering plant, consisting of the matured or ripened pistil(s) of one or more flowers along with any other floral or vegetative tissue(s) persisting adnate to them; characteristic of and unique to Magnoliophyta (Angiospermae). |
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root 2 |
= radix |
STRUCTURE |
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A vascularized, primary or higher-order (branch) axis that is not differentiated into nodes and internodes and that branches endogenously, together with any non-axial structures borne from it; usually growing below ground level, but sometimes structurally and functionally specialized and growing wholly or partly aboveground (e.g. aerial root, knee root, pneumatophore). |
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cucullus pl. cuculli |
= hood |
STRUCTURE |
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A cucullate (cuculliform) structure or component, esp. in an inflorescence or flower. |
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gynophore |
= hypogynium; < stalk, stipe (broad sense, not recommended) |
STRUCTURE |
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The basal portion of an ovary when constricted and stalk-like above the level of perianth insertion, bearing the main body of the pistil at its summit. |
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gynostegium pl. gynostegia |
< corona |
STRUCTURE |
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An androecial corona, typically consisting of distinct hood- and/or horn-shaped enations that rise above the anthers; esp. in Asclepiadaceae. |
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stilt root |
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STRUCTURE |
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A relatively stout or strong adventitious root arising from a woody stem branch and extending downward directly toward the substrate, within which it ultimately becomes anchored, thus supporting the branch of origin; as in some Ficus (Moraceae). |
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trichome |
> bristle, capillus, glochid, glochidium, hair, lepis, scale, seta, squama, squamella, squamule; >< cilium |
STRUCTURE |
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Any superficial, unicellular or multicellular structure arising entirely from an epidermis. Unlike other epidermal enations or coverings, trichomes are cellular structures. |
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annulus 2 pl. annuli |
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STRUCTURE |
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A row of protruding specialized sporangial wall cells that extends upward from the base of the sporangium and over its apex, thus forming an incomplete circumferential ring; esp. in Polypodiophyta. The inner and radial walls of the annular cells are markedly thickened and the structure functions as a spore-releasing and -disseminating mechanism as a result of differential stresses developed within the mature sporangial wall upon desiccation. |
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scale 2 |
> lepis, squama, squamella, squamule; < trichome |
STRUCTURE |
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A planate trichome. |
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shoot 1 |
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STRUCTURE |
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Collectively, all those portions of a plant body that are anatomically distinct from the root, the component axes differentiated into nodes and internodes, and branching exogenously from the former. |
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perigynium 2 pl. perigynia |
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STRUCTURE |
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A phyllary (involucral bract) or palea (pale, palet) that fully encloses a cypsela; in Asteraceae (Compositae). |
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aerial root |
> climbing root |
STRUCTURE |
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A root, adventitious or not, that originates and functions entirely above ground during the normal life cycle of the plant. |
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spore leaf |
= sporophyll; > fertile frond |
STRUCTURE |
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A leaf or homologous structure that bears sporangia See also megasporophyll (macrosporophyll, not recommended), microsporophyll. |
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bract 2 (strict sense) |
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STRUCTURE |
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Any primary or first-order lateral structure ontogenetically and anatomically analogous with, and therefore presumably homologous with, but relatively smaller than, a leaf, especially when subtending an inflorescence, other reproductive structure, or portion thereof; putatively, an evolutionarily reduced leaf. |
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tuberoid (root-stem) |
= dropper |
STRUCTURE |
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An axial outgrowth that descends from a bulb and eventually forms a new bulb; esp. in Orchidaceae. |
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rachilla 2 var. rhachilla |
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STRUCTURE |
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A second-order axis in an inflorescence, especially the axis bearing the florets in a spikelet; esp. in Cyperaceae, Poaceae (Gramineae). |
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hypanthium 2 (strict sense) pl. hypanthia |
= floral cup (strict sense) |
STRUCTURE |
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A marginal protrusion from or enlargement of the receptacle (torus) of a flower, encircling and wholly, partly or not at all adnate to the gynoecium, bearing the perianth and androecium. |
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culm |
< cane, stem |
STRUCTURE |
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A stem of a sedge (Cyperaceae) or grass (Poaceae), usually hollow. Use of this term or cane instead of stem is a matter of tradition and preference, not of descriptive precision or necessity. |
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gynostemium pl. gynostemia |
= column, gynandrium |
STRUCTURE |
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A central floral structure consisting of the partly to wholly fused (connate and adnate) androecium and gynoecium; esp. in Orchidaceae. |
