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galea pl. galeae, galeas |
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STRUCTURE |
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A galeate (galeiform, helmet-shaped) sepal or petal in a zygomorphic calyx or corolla, differing markedly in shape from and sometimes partially enclosing the other sepals or petals. |
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involucel |
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STRUCTURE |
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One or more closely proximate whorls of bractlets (bracteoles, prophylls) immediately subtending (below or outside) a subordinate portion of an inflorescence that is subtended as a whole by an involucre, the bractlets often leaf-like, sometimes petaloid. |
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stamen |
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STRUCTURE |
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A seed-plant organ that produces and releases pollen; usually comprising a stalk (filament) that bears a locular structure (anther) containing sporogenous tissue; however, the filament may be lacking and the anther sessile, or the stamen may be undifferentiated, the whole then consisting of microsporangia embedded in or borne upon the surface of a more or less planate body of sterile tissue; one of the constituent organs of a bisexual or a staminate flower; may be distinct or else connate with one or more others and/or may be free or else adnate with one or more other floral structures. |
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costule |
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STRUCTURE |
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A longitudinal primary vein in a diminutive laminar structure, such as the blade of a leaflet, pinna or pinnule; a diminutive costa (rib). |
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vascular bundle |
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STRUCTURE |
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A discrete strand of conducting tissues (xylem, phloem) and associated cells (e.g., cambium) within a stem or other axial structure. |
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ampulla pl. ampullae |
= bladder |
STRUCTURE |
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A small, membranous, hollow, flask-shaped, insectivorous structure borne on a submerged leaf; esp. in Lentibulariaceae. |
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bud scale |
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STRUCTURE |
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A scale that, alone or aggregated with others, envelops and protects a bud. |
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spore case |
= sporangium |
STRUCTURE |
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A spore-producing organ; basically capsular, often supported by a slender stalk (sporangiophore), often lidded (operculate). In Bryophyta and Polypodiophyta, a distinct portion of the sporangial wall effects regular dehiscence at maturity. Spore cases or their equivalents are also present, but of little or no descriptive significance, in seed plants. |
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coleorhiza |
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STRUCTURE |
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A sheath-like structure enclosing the radicle (embryonic root) in an embryo; esp. in Poaceae (Gramineae). |
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midvein |
= midnerve, midrib; < costa, nerve, rib, vein |
STRUCTURE |
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A primary vein that runs longitudinally through the center of a leaf or other basically laminar structure. See also lateral vein, secondary vein, tertiary vein, veinlet. |
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pollinium pl. pollinia |
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STRUCTURE |
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A mass of coherent pollen grains disseminated as a unit by adhering to a pollinating insect, representing the entire content of a single theca or of fused thecae; often distally attenuate to a sterile caudicle (translator arm), which may attach to a viscidium, either directly or through an intervening stipe; esp. in Asclepiadaceae, Orchidaceae. |
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rostellum 2 pl. rostella |
= beaklet |
STRUCTURE |
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A sterile excrescent stigma lobe protruding between the anther and the functional stigma lobes of a column; sometimes forming one or more viscidia at pollinium maturity; esp. in Orchidaceae. |
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calyptra pl. calyptrae |
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STRUCTURE |
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A distal hood- or lid-like portion that detaches as a unit from the remainder of the structure; esp. in some Papaveraceae the unopened calyx that separates from the rest of the flower at anthesis. |
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trophophyll |
= sterile frond |
STRUCTURE |
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A frond that does not bear sporangia; in Polypodiophyta. See also fertile frond. |
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vasculature |
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STRUCTURE |
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The vascular strands of all orders (veins and veinlets) in a particular part or organ, regarded collectively; consisting of conducting tissues (xylem, phloem) and associated supporting and enclosing tissues (e.g., sclerenchyma, collenchyma). |
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shoot 1 |
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STRUCTURE |
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Collectively, all those portions of a plant body that are anatomically distinct from the root, the component axes differentiated into nodes and internodes, and branching exogenously from the former. |
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fibrous root |
< diffuse root |
STRUCTURE |
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A diffuse root that includes a significant component of woody or sclerotic strands and is consequently tough and often wiry. |
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inflorescence 2 |
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STRUCTURE |
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The basic architectural unit of the flower-producing portion of a plant; comprising one or more flowers, their associated supporting axes (peduncles, main axes, branches and pedicels), if any, and the appendages thereto (bracts, bractlets or bracteoles or prophylls, involucres, involucels, and glumes), if any; delimited by the insertion or gradation of a single peduncle, peduncle cluster, pedicel, pedicel cluster, or sessile flower, as the case may be, directly upon or into some proximal vegetative structure not of one of these types; depending upon the type(s) of flowers included, may be bisexual (all flowers bisexual), staminate (all flowers staminate), pistillate (all flowers pistillate), sterile (all flowers sterile), or mixed (two or more types of flowers present); most appropriately described using nominative terms. |
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spore leaf |
= sporophyll; > fertile frond |
STRUCTURE |
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A leaf or homologous structure that bears sporangia See also megasporophyll (macrosporophyll, not recommended), microsporophyll. |
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torus 1 pl. tori |
= receptacle |
STRUCTURE |
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The relatively short, simple, axial structure surmounting a pedicel and basal to the flower, usually broader than the pedicel. |
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collar 1 |
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STRUCTURE |
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The free portion (if any) of a floral tube, distal to its casing and/or neck when one or both is/are present. |
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aerial root |
> climbing root |
STRUCTURE |
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A root, adventitious or not, that originates and functions entirely above ground during the normal life cycle of the plant. |
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antheridium pl. antheridia |
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STRUCTURE |
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A male gametangium; a multicellular fertile organ of a mature gametophyte within which male gametes (antherozoids, spermatozoids) are produced and from which they are discharged, in some taxa forcibly, through a pore. Technically present but highly reduced and of no descriptive significance in Magnoliophyta and part of Pinophyta. |
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thallus 1 pl. thalli |
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STRUCTURE |
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The vegetative portion of a shoot when not differentiated into stem and leaves; esp. in Lemnaceae. |
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cladophyll |
= cladode, phylloclade |
STRUCTURE |
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A stem segment that functions as a leaf; often more or less compressed. |
