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corolla pl. corollae, corollas |
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STRUCTURE |
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Collectively, the petals of a flower, whether distinct or connate; the inner or distal envelope of a differentiated perianth, whether the other envelope (calyx) is actually present or is deemed to be absent due to evolutionary reduction. |
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pollinarium pl. pollinaria |
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STRUCTURE |
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A pollinium together with, when present, its stipe and viscidium; the entire unit of pollinium dispersal. |
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raphides sing. raphis |
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STRUCTURE |
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Needle-like crystals of calcium oxalate contained within the cells of some plants; esp. in Araceae. |
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gynoecium pl. gynoecia var. gynaecium |
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STRUCTURE |
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The pistil(s) of a single flower together with any ontogenetically equivalent or subordinate structures present, taken collectively; the total female (ovule-producing) structural complement of a single flower. It may include one to many pistils, each simple or compound. |
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casing |
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STRUCTURE |
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The portion (if any) of a floral tube that is adnate to the gynoecium. See also collar, neck. |
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palea 2 pl. paleae, paleas |
= pale, palet |
STRUCTURE |
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The distal bract of the (usually) two that immediately subtend the flower in a grass (Poaceae) spikelet; the other is the lemma. |
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stem |
> cane, culm |
STRUCTURE |
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The entire axial system of a shoot, or a component, primary or higher-order (branch) axis of the shoot; differentiated anatomically and morphologically into nodes and internodes, from the former of which it branches exogenously and bears leaves, bracts, and/or inflorescences; usually growing above ground level, but sometimes structurally and functionally specialized and growing underground (e.g., rhizome, tuber) or upon the surface of the ground (e.g., stolon). Although sometimes phenotypically distinctive and often treated separately for descriptive purposes, the axial system of an inflorescence, excluding pedicels or parts of them in some cases, is properly stem in the above general sense. |
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hydathode |
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STRUCTURE |
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A multicellular, anatomically distinctive structure located within a leaf at its periphery, its cells surrounding a central canal that opens to the exterior, through which water is actively discharged under humid conditions that impede the rate of transpiration; this liquid discharge is termed guttation. |
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dropper |
= tuberoid |
STRUCTURE |
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An axial outgrowth that descends from a bulb and eventually forms a new bulb; esp. in Orchidaceae. |
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root 2 |
= radix |
STRUCTURE |
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A vascularized, primary or higher-order (branch) axis that is not differentiated into nodes and internodes and that branches endogenously, together with any non-axial structures borne from it; usually growing below ground level, but sometimes structurally and functionally specialized and growing wholly or partly aboveground (e.g. aerial root, knee root, pneumatophore). |
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squamella 3 pl. squamellae |
= lodicule, squamule |
STRUCTURE |
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One of two or three small, scale-like structures inserted at the base of the androecium, distal to the palea, in most grass (Poaceae) flowers; often regarded as a vestigial branch or perianth member. |
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jacket cell |
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STRUCTURE |
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Any of the cells forming the portion of an antheridial wall between the basal cells and the cap cell(s). |
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auricle |
= ear |
STRUCTURE |
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A small, rounded, lateral lobe at the base of a laminar structure, lying in more or less the same plane as the remainder of the lamina. |
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primocane |
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STRUCTURE |
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A biennial or perennial stem before it has begun flowering, when the latter does not occur until at least its second season of growth; esp. in Rubus (Rosaceae). |
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aril 2 (strict sense) |
= arillus |
STRUCTURE |
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An appendicular structure that wholly or partly envelops a seed and is an outgrowth from the funicle or raphe, and thus is ontogenetically derived from the placenta; usually fleshy or pulpy, sometimes spongy or tufted-capillate, often brightly colored. |
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macrosporocarp (not recommended) |
= megasporocarp |
STRUCTURE |
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A sporocarp that bears only macrosporangia (megasporangia). |
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bractlet 2 |
= bracteole, prophyll(um); < bract |
STRUCTURE |
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A second- or higher-order bract within, and subtending some portion of, an aggregate branching structure, especially when subtending a flower. |
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nodule |
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STRUCTURE |
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A small nodiform (gongylodate, gongyloid, knob-shaped, knot-shaped) segment or protrusion; esp. in roots of Fabaceae (Leguminosae) and harboring nitrogen-fixing bacteria. |
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corolla tube 1 |
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STRUCTURE |
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A relatively narrow, fully connate portion of a sympetalous (gamopetalous) corolla proximal to a broader portion (limb) that comprises the distinct or connate distal portions of the petals; except in bisexual or staminate disc florets of Asteraceae (Compositae). |
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ray 1 |
< primary axis |
STRUCTURE |
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A first-order axis within a compound umbel. |
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floral cup 1 (broad sense) |
= floral tube, hypanthium (broad sense) |
STRUCTURE |
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A complex structure comprising fused portions of the perianth and/or androecium of a flower, sometimes also including receptacular tissue; surrounding and wholly, partly, or not at all adnate to the gynoecium; subdivided morphologically into casing, collar and/or neck; sometimes bearing free distal portions of the constituent structures. |
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stone |
= pyrene |
STRUCTURE |
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The hard inner portion of a drupe, consisting of osseous endocarp and included seed. |
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lip cell |
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STRUCTURE |
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Either of a pair of adjacent, narrow, transversely oriented, thick-walled cells bordering the pore (stomium) of a sporangium. |
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pith |
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STRUCTURE |
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The central ground tissue of a stem or, when present, of a root, consisting of thin-walled parenchyma cells; distinct and more or less soft and spongy relative to the other tissues of the axis; sometimes partly or wholly degenerating after secondary growth has begun. |
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first glume |
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STRUCTURE |
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The lower (proximal) or sometimes solitary small bract inserted at the base of a grass (Poaceae) spikelet, the second glume, when present, inserted immediately above (distal to) it. |
