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bract 2 (strict sense) |
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STRUCTURE |
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Any primary or first-order lateral structure ontogenetically and anatomically analogous with, and therefore presumably homologous with, but relatively smaller than, a leaf, especially when subtending an inflorescence, other reproductive structure, or portion thereof; putatively, an evolutionarily reduced leaf. |
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corm |
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STRUCTURE |
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A short, thickened, solid, usually subterranean, sometimes fleshy stem base containing stored carbohydrates and serving as a perennating organ. |
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plumule |
= epicotyl |
STRUCTURE |
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A distinguishable nascent shoot developed in the embryo in some taxa, consisting of a shoot axis with unexpanded internodes and one or more leaf primordia, being that portion of the embryo above the level of cotyledon insertion; the primordial shoot, when developed by the embryo within a seed; the first bud of a spermatophyte, when developed by an embryo within the seed. In other taxa the shoot is represented in the embryo only by a quiescent apical meristem at the summit of the embryonic axis. |
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epicarp |
= exocarp |
STRUCTURE |
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The outermost tissue layer of a pericarp. |
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gynaecium |
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STRUCTURE |
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See gynoecium. |
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stomatal apparatus |
= stomate, stoma (broad sense) |
STRUCTURE |
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A localized functional epidermal unit consisting of a microscopic pore and two encircling specialized cells, the guard cells, which, through changes of turgor pressure in response to environmental conditions, regulate the size of the pore and thus the rates of transpiration and gas exchange through it; the whole surrounded or not by associated, cytologically distinctive epidermal cells, the subsidiary or accessory cells, which, when present, are regularly oriented in relation to it. |
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carpophore 3 |
= columella; < stalk |
STRUCTURE |
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The stalk supporting a mericarp after dehiscence of a schizocarpic fruit, the central axis of the fruit having split longitudinally to yield two or four such stalks; composed of receptacular and (primarily) gynoecial tissues; esp. in Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). |
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pistillodium pl. pistillodia |
= pistillode |
STRUCTURE |
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Any sterile structure deemed to represent a modified pistil, homology being inferred on the basis of structural similarity, ontogeny, and/or position; sometimes nectariferous, sometimes connate with others or adnate to other floral structures. |
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elater 1 |
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STRUCTURE |
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An elongate cell with a helical, hygroscopic thickening in its wall, contained within a sporangium, expanding and contracting with changes in humidity and aiding dispersal of the spores; esp. in Hepaticae. |
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standard |
= banner, vexillum |
STRUCTURE |
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The relatively large, erect adaxial (upper) petal in a papilionaceous corolla. |
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midnerve |
= midrib, midvein; < costa, nerve, rib, vein |
STRUCTURE |
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A primary vein that runs longitudinally through the center of a leaf or other basically laminar structure. See also lateral vein, secondary vein, tertiary vein, veinlet. |
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collar 1 |
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STRUCTURE |
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The free portion (if any) of a floral tube, distal to its casing and/or neck when one or both is/are present. |
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pseudolamina pl. pseudolaminae |
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STRUCTURE |
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The expanded part of a phyllode (phyllodium), resembling a blade but evolutionarily derived from the petiole. |
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spur 2 |
= short-shoot |
STRUCTURE |
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A first- or higher-order woody stem branch having relatively unelongated internodes, thus proximate nodes, and limited duration of growth, usually branching little if at all; often a main locus of flower production; usually more or less perpendicular to the axis that bears it and resembling a spur projecting from it; sometimes becoming more or less spinose after elongation ceases; esp. in Rosaceae. |
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cladophyll |
= cladode, phylloclade |
STRUCTURE |
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A stem segment that functions as a leaf; often more or less compressed. |
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prickle |
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STRUCTURE |
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Any unvascularized spine-like enation originating in the epidermis, cortex, or mesophyll of any shoot part. See also spine, thorn. |
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areola 1 pl. areolae |
= areole |
STRUCTURE |
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Any distinctive surficial discontinuity of generally circular outline, whether concave, flush, or convex; when protuberant, sometimes bearing trichomes or spines, as in some Cactaceae. This term is used only when such entities are deemed structurally distinctive enough to merit description in their own rights, rather than as aspects of the surface. |
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chaff 1 |
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STRUCTURE |
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Collectively, the paleae (pales, palets) sometimes borne on the receptacle of a capitulum (head) in Asteraceae (Compositae). |
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pappus pl. pappi |
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STRUCTURE |
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A set of one or more awns (aristae, bristles, setae) or scales at the summit of an inferior ovary just beneath or outside the free portion of the corolla; persisting in the fruit (cypsela) and often aiding wind or animal dispersal; in Asteraceae (Compositae). Considered by some to be an evolutionarily modified upper calyx portion, the lower portion having been incorporated into the floral tube casing adnate to the ovary wall; considered by others to be an outgrowth from the ovary wall. |
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epichilium |
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STRUCTURE |
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The distal portion of a labellum (lip) that has distinct proximal, distal, and sometimes also central parts; in Orchidaceae. See also hypochilium, mesochilium. |
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scale 1 |
< bract |
STRUCTURE |
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A basically dry, more or less appressed, diminutive bract. The choice of term as between the more general bract and the more restricted scale is sometimes problematic and, when so, often is dictated by custom according to the structure and taxon involved. |
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gynandrium pl. gynandria |
= column, gynostemium |
STRUCTURE |
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A central floral structure consisting of the partly to wholly fused (connate and adnate) androecium and gynoecium; esp. in Orchidaceae. |
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leaf 1 pl. leaves |
= frond, macrophyll (not recommended), megaphyll; > frond, needle |
STRUCTURE |
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A principal, vegetative shoot organ borne laterally from a stem node; its vascular tissues, if any, continuous with those of the stem; undergoing no significant secondary growth; usually more or less bilaterally symmetrical; comprising a distal, usually laminar blade and/or a proximal stalk (petiole) or sheath; usually a primary site of photosynthesis. |
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cone |
= strobilus; > female cone, macrostrobilus (not recommended), male cone, megastrobilus, microstrobilus |
STRUCTURE |
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A compound or complex reproductive structure consisting of a central axis bearing congested imbricate sporophylls and sometimes also sterile bracts. |
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pyrene 1 |
= stone |
STRUCTURE |
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The hard inner portion of a drupe, consisting of osseous endocarp and included seed. |
