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columella 2 pl. columellae, columellas |
= carpophore; < stalk |
STRUCTURE |
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The stalk supporting a mericarp after dehiscence of a schizocarpic fruit, the central axis of the fruit having split longitudinally to yield two or four such stalks; composed of receptacular and (primarily) gynoecial tissues; esp. in Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). |
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squamella 2 pl. squamellae |
= squamule; < scale |
STRUCTURE |
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A small, dry bract borne on the compound receptacle (torus) of a capitulum (head); in Asteraceae (Compositae). |
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lodicule |
= squamella |
STRUCTURE |
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One of two or three small, scale-like structures inserted at the base of the androecium, distal to the palea, in most grass (Poaceae) flowers; often regarded as a vestigial branch or perianth member. |
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keel 1 |
= carina |
STRUCTURE |
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An elongate, median longitudinal ridge that is basically triangular in transverse section and resembles the keel of a boat; esp. in leaf blades and sheaths, glumes, lemmata, paleae, sepals, petals. |
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radix pl. radices |
= root |
STRUCTURE |
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A vascularized axis that is not internally differentiated into nodes and internodes and that branches endogenously, serving for anchorage, absorption and/or storage; collectively, all those portions of a plant body not belonging (anatomically) to the shoot. See also adventitious root, climbing root, diffuse root, knee root, primary root, prop root, secondary root, stilt root. |
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ligule 3 |
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STRUCTURE |
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A relatively small, attenuate, membranous, laminar enation from the adaxial surface of a leaf near its base; in Selaginella, Isoetes. |
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corolla pl. corollae, corollas |
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STRUCTURE |
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Collectively, the petals of a flower, whether distinct or connate; the inner or distal envelope of a differentiated perianth, whether the other envelope (calyx) is actually present or is deemed to be absent due to evolutionary reduction. |
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stomatal apparatus |
= stomate, stoma (broad sense) |
STRUCTURE |
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A localized functional epidermal unit consisting of a microscopic pore and two encircling specialized cells, the guard cells, which, through changes of turgor pressure in response to environmental conditions, regulate the size of the pore and thus the rates of transpiration and gas exchange through it; the whole surrounded or not by associated, cytologically distinctive epidermal cells, the subsidiary or accessory cells, which, when present, are regularly oriented in relation to it. |
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mentum pl. menta |
= column foot |
STRUCTURE |
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A lateral, often nectariferous protrusion from the proximal portion of a column, opposite the labellum, projecting in front of the rest of the flower; in Orchidaceae. |
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standard |
= banner, vexillum |
STRUCTURE |
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The relatively large, erect adaxial (upper) petal in a papilionaceous corolla. |
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pitcher-blade |
= ascidium, pitcher |
STRUCTURE |
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A pitcher-shaped (ascidiform) leaf blade, sometimes lidded (operculate), usually carnivorous; esp. in Nepenthaceae, Sarraceniaceae. |
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leaflet |
> pinna, pinnule |
STRUCTURE |
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One of the one or more distinct, leaf-like, first- or higher-order divisions of a compound leaf blade; stalked (petiolulate) or sessile; borne upon a rachis or rachilla. |
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lamina 1 pl. laminae |
= blade |
STRUCTURE |
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The expanded, more or less planate, distal portion, when present, of a leaf, leaflet or bract. |
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column 1 |
= gynandrium, gynostemium |
STRUCTURE |
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A central floral structure consisting of the partly to wholly fused (connate and adnate) androecium and gynoecium; esp. in Orchidaceae. |
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squamella 3 pl. squamellae |
= lodicule, squamule |
STRUCTURE |
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One of two or three small, scale-like structures inserted at the base of the androecium, distal to the palea, in most grass (Poaceae) flowers; often regarded as a vestigial branch or perianth member. |
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beak 1 |
= rostrum |
STRUCTURE |
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A relatively long, tapering, more or less rigid and pointed enation or termination. |
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keel 2 |
= carina |
STRUCTURE |
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Collectively, the two relatively small, connate or coherent, abaxial (lower) petals that form the keel-like portion of a papilionaceous corolla. |
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testa pl. testae |
= seed coat |
STRUCTURE |
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The outer protective layer of a seed, developed from the ovular integument(s). |
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antheridium pl. antheridia |
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STRUCTURE |
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A male gametangium; a multicellular fertile organ of a mature gametophyte within which male gametes (antherozoids, spermatozoids) are produced and from which they are discharged, in some taxa forcibly, through a pore. Technically present but highly reduced and of no descriptive significance in Magnoliophyta and part of Pinophyta. |
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ligule 4 |
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STRUCTURE |
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The distal, relatively flat portion of the zygomorphic corolla of a ligulate floret, terminating in 5 teeth or lobes; in Asteraceae (Compositae). |
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corolla tube 1 |
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STRUCTURE |
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A relatively narrow, fully connate portion of a sympetalous (gamopetalous) corolla proximal to a broader portion (limb) that comprises the distinct or connate distal portions of the petals; except in bisexual or staminate disc florets of Asteraceae (Compositae). |
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mericarp |
= coccus |
STRUCTURE |
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One of the segments of a dehisced schizocarp; usually one-seeded and itself indehiscent. |
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gland |
> nectary |
STRUCTURE |
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An anatomically distinct multicellular structure that produces and exudes a particular substance, or resembles those that do. |
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diffuse root |
> fibrous root |
STRUCTURE |
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Any member of a dense system of adventitious, slender roots that arise from the base of a main stem and functionally replace an evanescent primary root. |
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palet 1 |
= pale, palea, receptacular bract |
STRUCTURE |
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A small papery (chartaceous) to membranous bract borne on the compound receptacle (torus) of a capitulum (head) in Asteraceae (Compositae). |
