ala 2 pl. alae |
= wing |
STRUCTURE |
|
One of the two lateral petals in a papilionaceous corolla. |
squamule 3 |
= lodicule, squamella |
STRUCTURE |
|
One of two or three small, scale-like structures inserted at the base of the androecium, distal to the palea, in most grass (Poaceae) flowers; often regarded as a vestigial branch or perianth member. |
exocarp |
= epicarp |
STRUCTURE |
|
The outermost tissue layer of a pericarp. |
knee 2 |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
An emergent portion of an otherwise normally submerged secondary root of a wetland tree, resembling a bent human knee. |
cane |
< culm, stem |
STRUCTURE |
|
A woody, aboveground culm. Use of this term or culm instead of stem is a matter of tradition and preference, not of descriptive precision or necessity. |
root 2 |
= radix |
STRUCTURE |
|
A vascularized, primary or higher-order (branch) axis that is not differentiated into nodes and internodes and that branches endogenously, together with any non-axial structures borne from it; usually growing below ground level, but sometimes structurally and functionally specialized and growing wholly or partly aboveground (e.g. aerial root, knee root, pneumatophore). |
pericarp |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
The portion of a fruit wall that is derived from the ovary wall; consisting of three more or less distinct tissue layers (exocarp or epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp) that may or may not differ greatly in structure and/or function; the wall of a fruit, excluding any tissues of extra-ovarian (accessory) origin. |
operculum pl. opercula |
= lid |
STRUCTURE |
|
A distal, cover-like portion of a structure whose main body is otherwise closed, transversely discontinuous with the main body around most of the circumference, or becoming partially or wholly separate by transverse dehiscence; as of an ascidium (pitcher), pollen grain, pyxis, or sporangium (spore case). |
columella 2 pl. columellae, columellas |
= carpophore; < stalk |
STRUCTURE |
|
The stalk supporting a mericarp after dehiscence of a schizocarpic fruit, the central axis of the fruit having split longitudinally to yield two or four such stalks; composed of receptacular and (primarily) gynoecial tissues; esp. in Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). |
involucel |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
One or more closely proximate whorls of bractlets (bracteoles, prophylls) immediately subtending (below or outside) a subordinate portion of an inflorescence that is subtended as a whole by an involucre, the bractlets often leaf-like, sometimes petaloid. |
pseudopetiole |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
A distinctly constricted, more or less stalk-like, proximal portion of a leaf, evolutionarily derived from the blade, the original petiole reduced to the point of absence or vestigiality; esp. in Poaceae (Gramineae). |
casing |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
The portion (if any) of a floral tube that is adnate to the gynoecium. See also collar, neck. |
dropper |
= tuberoid |
STRUCTURE |
|
An axial outgrowth that descends from a bulb and eventually forms a new bulb; esp. in Orchidaceae. |
banner |
= standard, vexillum |
STRUCTURE |
|
The relatively large, erect adaxial (upper) petal in a papilionaceous corolla. |
scale 1 |
< bract |
STRUCTURE |
|
A basically dry, more or less appressed, diminutive bract. The choice of term as between the more general bract and the more restricted scale is sometimes problematic and, when so, often is dictated by custom according to the structure and taxon involved. |
knee root |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
A specialized secondary root of a wetland tree, a portion of which projects above mean water level and appears to bend as a leg does at the knee, its distalmost portion being anchored in the substrate beneath the water. The knee of the root is commonly regarded as a conduit for gas exchange between root interior and atmosphere, a function whose need is posited on the basis of the highly anaerobic and saturated conditions prevailing in wetland substrates. |
disk |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
See disc. |
bracteole 1 |
= bractlet; < bract |
STRUCTURE |
|
A diminutive bract, or a bract that is smaller than others present. |
stomate |
= stomatal apparatus, stoma (broad sense) |
STRUCTURE |
|
A localized functional epidermal unit consisting of a microscopic pore and two encircling specialized cells, the guard cells, which, through changes of turgor pressure in response to environmental conditions, regulate the size of the pore and thus the rates of transpiration and gas exchange through it; the whole surrounded or not by associated, cytologically distinctive epidermal cells, the subsidiary or accessory cells, which, when present, are regularly oriented in relation to it. |
mesocarp |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
The middle tissue layer of the pericarp of a fruit. |
column 1 |
= gynandrium, gynostemium |
STRUCTURE |
|
A central floral structure consisting of the partly to wholly fused (connate and adnate) androecium and gynoecium; esp. in Orchidaceae. |
spathe |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
A usually relatively large, sometimes showy, foliose bract subtending and sometimes partially enclosing an inflorescence, esp. a spadicate one; in Liliidae (monocotyledons). |
limb 1 |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
A relatively broad portion of a syntepalous (gamotepalous) perianth, synsepalous (gamosepalous) calyx, or sympetalous (gamopetalous) corolla distal to a narrower tube, spreading outward or ascending from the tube, comprising the distinct or connate distal portions of the tepals, sepals, or petals; except in bisexual or staminate disc florets of Asteraceae (Compositae). |
lenticel |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
A specialized, anatomically distinct structure within the periderm of a stem, consisting of comparatively spongy, sometimes suberized tissue distinct from others of the periderm; extending radially through the periderm and visible as a circular to elongate discontinuity in the color, texture, and/or relief of the outer surface of the stem; serving as a conduit for gas exchange between the stem interior and the atmosphere. |
pseudostem |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
A structure that resembles a stem but is not part of the axial system of a shoot, lacking anatomical differentiation into nodes and internodes. |