…whorled |
= …cyclic, …seriate, …verticillate |
arrangement |
|
Disposed in the number of whorls (cycles, series, verticils) indicated by the prefix; as in three-whorled, 1-whorled. |
subterranean |
= hypogeal, hypogeous |
location |
|
Within the ground, beneath its surface. |
subulate 1 |
= awl-shaped |
plane shape |
|
Narrowly triangular or truncate-triangular and broadest at the base; like the outline of the lateral face of an awl. |
elater 1 |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
An elongate cell with a helical, hygroscopic thickening in its wall, contained within a sporangium, expanding and contracting with changes in humidity and aiding dispersal of the spores; esp. in Hepaticae. |
explosive |
|
dehiscence |
|
Opening abruptly with almost instantaneous aperture formation and release of accumulated structural tensions, the contents thus forcibly expelled. |
arcuate 2 |
|
plane shape |
|
Elongate and more or less regularly curved from one end to the other, one side convex, the opposite concave. |
receptacle 1 |
= torus |
STRUCTURE |
|
The relatively short, simple, axial structure surmounting a pedicel and basal to the flower, usually broader than the pedicel. |
hypanthium 2 (strict sense) pl. hypanthia |
= floral cup (strict sense) |
STRUCTURE |
|
A marginal protrusion from or enlargement of the receptacle (torus) of a flower, encircling and wholly, partly or not at all adnate to the gynoecium, bearing the perianth and androecium. |
two-… |
= bi…, di… |
prefix |
|
Indicating presence of or constitution by two entities of the type denoted by the term's stem; as in two-cleft, two-flowered, two-loculed. See also individual entries for terms with this prefix whose meanings, at least in some applications, are more specific than usually indicated by such combination; and also double-… (bi…, twice-…). |
divided |
? cleft, dissected, lobate, lobed, parted, partite, segmented |
solid shape |
|
Having two or more component sectors or peripheral protrusions that are delimited by concavities in the surface or margin and that are not proximally distinct from the remainder of the whole. The meanings of this term and its approximate synonyms sometimes have been supposed to differ according to the depth of the delimiting concavities relative to the midline or midpoint of the overall structure, and/or to the shape or proportions of the protusions or sectors; however, there has been little consistency in the applications of the various terms according to such distinctions, which are ones only of degree and are necessarily arbitrary in any case. In general usage, these terms differ only indistinctly and connotatively: cleft, lobed (or lobate), parted (or partite) and segmented tend to connote fewer protrusions or sectors; lobate usually connotes as well a generally rounded shape; dissected tends to connote more numerous sectors that are elongate and angular. See also cut (incised, lacerate, torn), laciniate (slashed). |
latex pl. latices, latexes |
|
SUBSTANCE |
|
A moderately viscous and sticky exudate, often milky, sometimes otherwise colored or clear. Overlaps conceptually with gum. |
saddle-shaped |
= selliform |
solid shape |
|
Relatively thin, broad and long, strongly compound-curved, concavely from end to end and convexly from side to side; like the generalized shape of a saddle. |
cross-vein |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
A relatively short, secondary or higher-order vein that runs directly between two veins of the next lower order, intersecting them more or less perpendicularly. |
pedicel |
< stalk |
STRUCTURE |
|
The stalk, when present, of a single flower, except when the flower is solitary and deemed to represent an evolutionarily reduced compound inflorescence borne directly upon a peduncle. |
vexillum pl. vexilla |
= banner, standard |
STRUCTURE |
|
The relatively large, erect adaxial (upper) petal in a papilionaceous corolla. |
hippocrepiform |
= horseshoe-shaped |
solid shape |
|
Relatively slender and strongly compressed, the whole strongly curved over its length in a plane perpendicular to the direction of compression and forming an incomplete circle, the ends somewhat straighter than the rest and parallel or nearly so; like a horseshoe. |
subapical |
= subterminal |
insertion |
|
Lateral and just below the apex. |
trulliform |
= trowel-shaped, trullate |
plane shape |
|
Broadest below the middle, more or less straightly attenuate to either end, the sides angled at the level of greatest width; like the blade of a mason's trowel. See also obtrullate, obtrulliform. |
labium pl. labia |
= lip; > labellum |
STRUCTURE |
|
Any substructure that resembles a lip, especially a portion of a perianth, calyx or corolla; in Lamiaceae (Labiatae) sometimes restricted to the abaxial (lower) of the two corolla lips. |
contorted 1 |
= convolute |
aestivation |
|
Imbricate and whorled, each member in turn overlapped by that to one side and overlapping that to the other, the whole tightly rolled and appearing as though twisted. |
plaited 2 |
= pleated, plicate |
vernation |
|
Having alternately adaxial and abaxial lengthwise folds, resembling a closed fan. |
ligule 4 |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
The distal, relatively flat portion of the zygomorphic corolla of a ligulate floret, terminating in 5 teeth or lobes; in Asteraceae (Compositae). |
basal |
< proximal |
insertion |
|
At or very near the developmental origin (base) of a structure. |
valve |
|
STRUCTURE |
|
Any longitudinal segment of a fruit wall delimited by lines of dehiscence. |
snail-shell-shaped |
= cochleate |
solid shape |
|
Relatively broad and short, basically round in transverse section, resembling a rapidly tapering spire overall, the exterior helically convoluted. |